\(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=3-x\left(x\in R\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=3-x\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-1=3-x\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=4\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\ \sqrt{9x+9}+\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4x+4}=2\left(x+1\right)\left(x\ge-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}\left(\sqrt{9}+1+\sqrt{4}\right)=2\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow6\sqrt{x+1}=2\left(x+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x+1}=x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}\left(3-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\\sqrt{x+1}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x+1=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(tm\right)\\x=8\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, ĐK: \(x\in R\)

\(\sqrt{4x^2-4x+1}=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)^2}=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x-1\right|=3-x\)

TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1\ge0\\2x-1=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1< 0\\1-2x=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< \dfrac{1}{2}\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

b, ĐK: \(x\ge-1\)

\(\sqrt{9x+9}+\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{4x+4}=2\left(x+1\text{​​}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1}-2\sqrt{x+1}=2\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}\left(\sqrt{x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\left(tm\right)\\x=0\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Câu 4:

Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng

\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:

\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng

2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)

⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)

⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇔ x = 5

Vậy S = {5}

Bài 1:

ĐKĐB suy ra $x(x+1)+y(y+1)=3x^2+xy-4x+2y+2$

$\Leftrightarrow 2x^2+x(y-5)+(y-y^2+2)=0$

Coi đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn $x$

$\Delta=(y-5)^2-4(y-y^2+2)=(3y-3)^2$Do đó:

$x=\frac{y+1}{2}$ hoặc $x=2-y$. Thay vào một trong 2 phương trình ban đầu ta thu được:

$(x,y)=(\frac{-4}{5}, \frac{-13}{5}); (1,1)$

1) \(\sqrt[]{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=21^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=441\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\Leftrightarrow x=50\)

2) \(\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16-16x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4\left(1-x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16\left(1-x\right)}+5=0\)

\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+2\sqrt[]{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt[]{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}\left(1+3-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}.\dfrac{8}{3}=-5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}=-\dfrac{15}{8}\)

mà \(\sqrt[]{1-x}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow pt.vô.nghiệm\)

3) \(\sqrt[]{2x}-\sqrt[]{50}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{2x}=\sqrt[]{50}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\Leftrightarrow x=25\)

1) \(\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=21\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=49+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=50\left(tm\right)\)

2) \(\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{16-16x}+5=0\) (ĐK: \(x\le1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x}+2\sqrt{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}=-5\) (vô lý) 

Phương trình vô nghiệm

3) \(\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{50}=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\)) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{50}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{50}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=25\left(tm\right)\)

4) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\left(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+1=-6\left(ĐK:x< -\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

5) \(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=3-x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+x=3+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{6}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

1) => 9(x-1)=\(21^2\)

=> 9x-9=441

=> 9x=450

=> x=50

2)=>\(\sqrt{1-x}\) + \(\sqrt{4\left(1-x\right)}\)-\(\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{16\left(1-x\right)}\)+5=0

=>\(\sqrt{1-x}\)\(\left(1+2-\dfrac{1}{3}.4\right)\)+5=0

=>\(\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}\) +5=0

=>\(\sqrt{1-x}\)=-3

Phuong trinh vo nghiem

\(\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{x^2+4x+3}\right)=2x\left(đk:x\ge0\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+3-x-1\right)\left(x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}}{\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x+1}}=x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{x+3}+x\sqrt{x+1}-x^2-\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)-x\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}-x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{x+1}\\x=\sqrt{x+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2-x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{13}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt: \(\sqrt{2x+1}=a,\sqrt{3-2x}=b\)

Từ đó: \(\sqrt{4x-4x^2+3}=ab\)và \(4=a^2+b^2\)

Từ đó biến đổi và giải phương trình. Đây là một cách. (T chưa giải ra :V)

Hoặc là không cần đặt ẩn phụ, biến đổi luôn:

VT=\(\frac{\left(2x-1\right)^2.\left(2x+1\right)\left(3-2x\right)}{\left(2x+1\right)+\left(3-2x\right)}\)

VP=\(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}+2\sqrt{2x+1}.\sqrt{3-2x}+\left(\sqrt{2x+1}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3-2x}\right)^2\)

=\(\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3x+2}\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3x+2}+1\right)\)

Đến đây có vẻ đơn giản r :>

\(\frac{\left(2x-1\right)^2\left(4x^2-4x+3\right)}{4}=\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}+2\sqrt{4x-4x^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}=\frac{\left(2x-1\right)^2}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}\right)=4\left(2x-1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}\right)=\left[\left(2x+1\right)-\left(3-2x\right)\right]^2\) (**)

đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2a+1}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{3-2x}=b\ge0\end{cases}}\)thì phương trình (**) trở thành

\(\hept{\begin{cases}8\left(x+b\right)=\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\\a^2+b^2=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8\left(a+b\right)=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2\left(1\right)\\a^2+b^2=4\left(2\right)\end{cases}}\)

từ (1) \(\Rightarrow8\left(a+b\right)=16-4a^2b^2\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=4-a^2b^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)=16-8a^2b^2+a^4b^4\)(***)

đặt ab=t \(\left(0\le t\le2\right)\)thì phương trình (***) trở thành

\(16+8t=16-8t^2+t^4\Leftrightarrow t\left(t+2\right)\left(t^2-2t-4\right)=0\)

\(\begin{matrix}t=0\left(tm\right)\\t=-2\left(loại\right)\\t=1+\sqrt{5}\left(loại\right)\\t=1-\sqrt{5}\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\)vậy t=0 \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{3-2x}=2\\\sqrt{2x+1}\cdot\sqrt{3-2x}=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{1}{2}\\x=\frac{3}{2}\end{cases}}}\)

Đk: \(x\ge2\)

pt <=> \(\frac{4\left(x+2\right)-\left(4x+1\right)}{2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}}\left(2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\right)=7\)

<=> \(\frac{7}{2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}}\left(2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\right)=7\)

<=> \(2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}\)(1)

Đặt : \(t=2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}\ge0\)

Ta có: \(t^2=8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\)<=> \(2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=\frac{t^2+3}{4}\)

Phương trình (1)  trở thành: \(\frac{t^2+3}{4}=t\Leftrightarrow t^2-4t+3=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=3\\t=1\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}\)

+) Với t = 1. Ta có:

\(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=1\)

<=> \(8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=1\)

<=> \(\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=-2-2x\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}-2-2x\ge0\\4x^2+9x+2=4x^2+8x+4\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x\le-1\\x=2\end{cases}}\)loại 

+) Với t = 3. Ta có:

\(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=3\)

<=> \(8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=9\)

<=> \(\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=-2x\)

<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}-2x\ge0\\4x^2+9x+2=4x^2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x\le0\\9x+2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{2}{9}\left(tmdk\right)\)

Vây:...

ĐK \(x\ge\frac{-1}{4}\)

Với điều kiện đó ta có \(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}>0\)

Biến đổi phương trình đã cho trở thành

\(7\left(2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\right)7\left(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+3+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}\left(1\right)\)

Đặt \(t=2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}\left(t\ge\sqrt{7}\right)\)

\(t^2=8x+9+4\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}\Rightarrow2x+\sqrt{4x^2+9x+2}=\frac{t^2-9}{4}\)

Thay vào (1) ta được \(t^2-4t+3=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=1\left(ktm\right)\\t=3\left(tm\right)\end{cases}}\)

Với t=3 ta có:\(2\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4x+1}=3\)giải ra ta được \(x=\frac{-2}{9}\left(tm\right)\)

Vậy pt có 1 nghiệm duy nhất \(x=-\frac{2}{9}\)